基于电信号特征分析的电机故障诊断技术

介绍了电机故障诊断技术平台的组成,分析了电机常见故障下电信号的特征。利用宜昌和景洪工厂两台电机进行了实际对比测试,宜昌工厂电机定子电流特征频率在49.2Hz时表现出峰值-36.08dB,在50.8Hz时表现峰值则为-37.23dB,表明电机存在转子断条故障;景洪工厂电机在转子特征频率为113.51Hz时,出现峰值-58.47dB,表明电机存在静态偏心故障。经电机现场抽芯检查,验证了电机故障快速诊断平台给出的电机健康状态评估结果,证实了基于电信号特征分析的电机故障诊断技术的准确性。     

Ammonia mitigation and induction effects on hydrogen environment embrittlement of SCM440 low-alloy steel

The effect of ammonia (NH₃) contained in hydrogen (H₂) gas on hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of SCM440 low-alloy steel was studied in association with the NH₃ concentration, loading rate, and gas pressure. NH₃ worked as both mitigator of the HEE and inducer of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) depending on the testing conditions. The mitigation of the HEE was achieved by the deactivation of the iron (Fe) surface for H₂ dissociation caused by the preferential adsorption of NH₃ on the Fe surface, which is enhanced by the increase in the NH₃ concentration and decrease in the H₂ gas pressure. NH₃ induced HE was caused due to creating hydrogen by the NH₃ decomposition. Since the NH₃ decomposition rate is low, the induction effect was observed when the loading rate was low. The effect of NH₃ was determined by the competition of the mitigation and induction effects.     

Performance of BaZrO3/Y2O3 dual-phase refractory applied to TiAl alloy melting

Vacuum induction melting is a potential process for the preparation of TiAl alloys with good homogeneity and low cost. But the crucial problem is a selection of high stability refractory. In this study, a BaZrO₃/Y₂O₃ dual-phase refractory was prepared and its performance for melting TiAl alloys was studied and compared with that of a Y₂O₃ refractory. The results showed the dual-phase refractory consisted of BaZr_1-xY_xO_3-δ and Y₂O₃(ZrO₂), exhibited a thinner interaction layer (30 μm) than the Y₂O₃ refractory (90 μm) after melting the TiAl alloy. Although the TiAl alloys melted in the dual-phase and Y₂O₃ refractory exhibited similar oxygen contamination (<0.1 wt%), the alloy melted in the dual-phase refractory had smaller Y₂O₃ inclusion content and size than that in the Y₂O₃ refractory, indicating that the dual-phase refractory exhibited a better melting performance than the Y₂O₃ refractory. This study provides insights into the process of designing highly stable refractory for melting TiAl alloys.     

基于单片机C8051F500的无刷直流电机控制研究

永磁无刷直流电机是近些年发展起来的一种新型电机,具有效率高、调速性能好、启动转矩大等诸多优点,在运动控制领域中的应用日趋广泛。基于电机专用控制芯片MC33035,采用单片机C8051F500为主控芯片,设计一款无刷直流电机智能控制器,实现对无刷直流电机启动停止、正反转、调速、转速显示等控制。通过简要介绍无刷直流电机工作原理,使用MATLAB/Simulink对控制系统进行建模仿真,对无刷直流电机控制系统进行软、硬件设计。实验结果表明,该控制系统运行稳定,抗干扰性强,具有良好的市场应用价值。     

煤层顶板硬岩大直径定向钻孔施工关键技术

根据顶板高位定向钻孔快速钻进成孔与工作面卸压瓦斯高效抽采治理需要，针对现有螺杆马达定向钻进技术与分级扩孔方法存在的问题，开展了顶板硬岩定向钻进与大直径扩孔钻进关键技术研究，开发了冲击回转定向钻进技术、扭冲回转定向钻进技术、扭冲旋转扩孔技术以及双级双速扩孔技术等钻孔提速新技术，研制了冲击螺杆马达、矿用小直径扭力冲击器、双级双速螺杆马达、组合式扩孔钻头等配套钻具。综合试验结果表明，硬岩定向钻孔平均机械钻进效率达到8.34 m/h，最高达到13.6 m/h，较常规螺杆马达定向钻进技术提升20%~30%；硬岩大直径扩孔终孔直径达到200 mm，机械钻进效率平均达到5.6 m/h以上，最高达到10.5 m/h。该技术提升了顶板硬岩定向钻进效率与大直径扩孔钻进效率，缩短了顶板高位定向钻孔的综合施工周期，为大直径高位定向长钻孔快速成孔与高效抽采治理回采工作面卸压瓦斯提供了可靠的技术手段。     

Control Model for Large‐Sized Gantry Type Linear Motor Slider

At present, many industrial carrier devices utilize linear motor sliders. However, a heavier load requires a linear motor (which is an example of a direct drive device) to get higher power, compared with a rotary motor with a ball screw slider (which is an example of an indirect drive device). In order to obtain higher power at a lower cost, a linear slider with multiple motors can be utilized, for example, a gantry type linear motor slider. Moving the gantry type slider requires two linear motors that are set up in parallel to enable synchronization control. Some conventional synchronization control methods have been proposed for the parallel twin linear slider; however, a large‐scaled gantry type linear motor slider has two unique problems: mechanical distortion caused by the limitations of installation environment and coupling caused by joints with low stiffness. This paper proposes a control model to solve these problems, and an identification method of each parameter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control model is verified by comparison with simulation results and experimental results.     

Combined constant speed control method for a wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage

A wind generator equipped with hydraulic energy storage (WG‐HES) uses hydraulic transmission systems instead of gearbox transmissions, thus eliminating high‐power converters and reducing the tower‐top cabin weight. When there is no wind or the wind speed is extremely low, the pressured oil released by accumulators is used to drive a motor to operate at a constant speed, thereby generating constant‐frequency power. However, few studies have examined the constant speed control characteristics for generating electricity using only an accumulator group. In this study, a combined constant speed (CCS) proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control method based on “variable displacement and throttling” is proposed, which includes two closed loops and one regulating loop. First, a simulation model of the CCS PID control method for a variable motor was established in the Simcenter Amesim program. The influence of different PID parameters on the anti‐interference ability of the constant speed control of the motor was analyzed under a given load step. Then, we obtained the range of control parameter values and a set of optimal values. Second, the effectiveness of the CCS control method and the accuracy of the simulation results were verified on a 600‐kW WG‐HES system prototype. The results verified that the CCS control method has good anti‐interference ability and can meet the requirements of constant speed control for a variable motor under the best PID parameters. These results can provide a basis for developing control strategies for WG‐HESs when there is no wind or at low wind speeds.     

机电复合作用下发电电动机磁极连接线建模及应力分析

针对抽水蓄能机组发电电动机转子磁极连接线现有设计校核往往仅考虑单一机械应力作用,提出计及机端短路故障的机电复合作用下发电电动机磁极连接线建模及应力分析方法。首先,基于有限元方法建立某抽水蓄能机组发电电动机转子结构有限元模型,得到磁极连接线不同工况下单一机械应力结果,然后建立机端三相短路故障下发电电动机电磁场有限元模型,得到计及故障下电磁力作用的机电复合应力结果。结果表明,磁极连接线飞逸工况下承受机械应力约为额定工况时的2倍,电磁力对磁极连接线不同区域影响不均,受力方向和大小的变化规律与机械应力不同,机电复合作用下会造成磁极连接线局部应力激增。     

基于参数预标定的长行程PMLSM无传感器控制

为了解决长行程定子不连续永磁直线同步电机存在的因无法全程安装位置传感器和不同动子和定子之间的电磁参数不固定所造成的控制性能下降的难题,提出一种在每一段定子内先进行参数标定,再进行速度控制的控制系统设计。首先,在动子进入过程中,对电机进行电磁参数标定,根据标定参数对控制器参数进行调整,以达到更好的控制效果。然后,使用无位置传感器控制系统使动子快速达到设定速度值并稳定运行。实验结果表明:动子进入过程参数标定精度分别为0.002Wb和0.000 4H;无位置传感器控制中位置估计精度为0.63mm,速度收敛时间为0.45s,稳态误差为0.02m/s。基本满足永磁直线同步电机用于长行程运输的控制快速性、稳定性等要求。     

平行流式电机周向水套结构参数对散热性能影响研究

针对电力机车上某功率密度为1.27 kW/kg的平行流式电机周向水套结构的散热问题进行了研究。首先利用热阻网络法建立了平行流多通道截面的热阻数学模型;然后借助FLUENT软件对水套的电机散热过程进行了数值模拟,并对结构参数进行了优化;最后通过实验验证了计算的正确性。结果表明:当通道孔数n增大时,总热阻普遍减小;当通道单孔宽度x增大时,总热阻先增大后减小,当n=6个、x=1.670 mm时,水套具有最佳的散热性能;水套各测温点的数值模拟温度与实验测量温度之间的相对误差均低于5.00%。